In many instances, online advertising driven business that often did a lot of acquisitions valued those acquisitions based on the future cash flow projections of the acquired assets. Similarly, some companies capitalized the cost of marketing and the amount they spent on marketing is often associated with the cash flow that those programs should generate.
But when those cash flows decline, the assets you have on your books need to be marked down, and this is why companies in this space are taking impairment charges. It is easy to see for a company like Marchex that owns domain names. Let’s say I own a lucrative travel domain that throws off $100 a year for the next 10 years and nothing from then on. I sell it to Marchex for $1,000 because everyone knows that that’s how much it’s worth. Immediately following the transaction, we enter into a recession and that domain will now fetch $90 a year for 10 years. Marchex would test it for impairment and then write off $100 of it. Anyhow here is the relevant bit from Marchex’s recent 8K, where they took a $177 million impairment charge (note that their market cap is around $150M right now):
Marchex preliminarily determined to record an estimated pre- tax $176.7 million non- cash impairment charge on goodwill and intangible assets in the fourth quarter of 2008. The impairment charge resulted in part from adverse equity and credit market conditions that caused a sustained decrease in current market multiples and Marchex’s stock price, a decrease in valuations of U.S. public companies and corresponding increased costs of capital created by the weakness in the U.S. financial markets and decreases in cash flow forecasts for the markets in which Marchex operates. Certain technology and domain assets were written- down due to the decreased cash flow forecasts. The impairment charge will not result in any current or future cash expenditures.